Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: Herbal medicines have long been used for various ailments in various societies and natural bioactive\ncompounds are gaining more and more importance due to various factors. In this context, three plant species i.e.,\nEryngium caeruleum, Notholirion thomsonianum and Allium consanguineum have been aimed for the scientific\nverification of their purported traditional uses against various infectious diseases.\nMethods: In this study, three plants were assayed for antibacterial and antifungal potentials. The antibacterial\ninvestigations were performed via well diffusion method and nutrient broth dilution method. The bacterial\nstrains used in the study were Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella\npneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal potential was investigated by dilution method of\nMuller-Hinton agar media of the plantsâ�� samples. The fungal strains used were Aspergillis fumigatus, Aspergillis\nflavus and Aspergillis niger. Ceftriaxone and nystatin were used as standard drugs in antibacterial and antifungal assays\nrespectively.\nResults: Different fractions from N. thomsonianum were tested against five bacterial strains while the samples from A.\nconsanguineum and E. caeruleum were tested against six bacterial strains. All the samples exhibited prominent\nantibacterial activity against the tested strains. Overall, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were found most\npotent among the three plantsâ�� samples. N. thomsonianum excelled among the three plants in antibacterial\nactivity. Similarly, in antifungal assay, N. thomsonianum exhibited strong antifungal activity against the fungal\nstrains. The chloroform fraction displayed MFCs of 175.67 �± 5.20***, 29.33 �± 5.48*** and 63.00 �± 4.93*** �¼g/ml\nagainst Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger respectively. The whole study demonstrates\nthat all the three plant species were active against tested bacterial and fungal strains.\nConclusion: It can be concluded from our findings that N. thomsonianum, A. consanguineum and E. caeruleum\nhave broad antibacterial and antifungal potentials. In all of the plantsâ�� samples, chloroform and ethyl acetate\nfractions were more active. Furthermore, being the potent samples, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions\nof these plants can be subjected to column chromatography for the isolation of more effective antimicrobial\ndrugs....
Background: The antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils (EOs) of unripe and ripe fruits of\nDennettia tripetala and their potential for the management of infectious and oxidative-stress diseases were\ninvestigated in-vitro in this study.\nMethod: Essential oil obtained from the fruit in Clevenger modified apparatus, was characterized by high resolution\nGC-MS, while antioxidant and antibacterial properties were tested by spectrophotometric and agar diffusion\nmethods respectively.\nResults: The EO demonstrated strong antibacterial properties when subjected to multi ââ?¬â??drug resistant bacterial\nstrains: Enterococcus faecium (ATCC19434), Escherichia coli (ATCC 700728), Staphylococcus aureus (NCINB 50080),\nListeria ivanovii (ATCC 19119), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC13047) and four previously confirmed multi resistant\nbacterial isolates from our laboratory stock culture. The unripe fruit oil (UFO) demonstrated greater activity than the\nripe fruit oil (RFO) against most of the tested bacteria with minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) ranging\nbetween 0.05ââ?¬â??0.20 mg/mL while that of the ripe fruit oil (RFO) ranged from 0.10ââ?¬â??0.20 mg/mL. The IC50 for RFO\n(0.62 Ã?± 0.12 mg/mL) showed that it has higher antioxidant strength than UFO and vitamin C (0.87 Ã?± 0.23 and 3.39 Ã?±\n0.12 mg/mL) but a lower activity compared to Ã?²-carotene (0.32 Ã?± 0.22 mg/mL) in scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-\npicrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPHââ?¬Â¢). The EOs also demonstrated strong ability in scavenging three other different radicals\n(ABTS, lipid peroxide and nitric oxide radicals) in concentration dependant -manner.\nConclusion: Findings from this study suggest that apart from the local uses of the plant extracts, the EO has strong\nbioactive compounds, noteworthy antibacterial, antiradical properties and may be good candidates in the search\nfor lead constituents for the synthesis of novel potent antibiotics....
Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease\nthat has a tremendous negative impact on the poultry industry worldwide.\nPlant extracts were prepared from five different medicinal plants and\napplied against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) to evaluate the antiviral\nreplication in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) chicken embryos. Three\ndilutions from each plant extract were prepared and mixed with a fixed\ntiter (10\n4\nEID50/mL) of virulent NDV strain Herts 33. The mix was\ninoculated into nine-day-old SPF chicken embryos that were monitored\nfor five days. Real-time PCR and hemagglutination tests were conducted\nto evaluate the activity of NDV and its viral RNA titer. Some plant\nextracts showed a complete inhibition of NDV evidenced by the absence\nof embryo deaths, the absence of HA titer and viral RNA in the allantoic\nfluid. These plant extracts were from Moringa peregrina (leaves), Acacia\ncyanophylla (leaves), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (fruits) and Pistacia\natlantica (leaves and stems). Other plant extracts showed partial\ninhibition of NDV, such as Ceratonia siliqua (leaves) and Eucalyptus\ncamaldulensis (leaves). This experiment shows the potential of using\nmedicinal plants as antiviral agents....
Background: Due to its extensive arsenal of virulence factors and inherent resistance\nto antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a threat particularly in immunocompromised patients.\nConsidering the central role of quorum sensing in the production of virulence factors, inhibition\nof bacterial communication mechanism constitute an opportunity to attenuate pathogenicity of\nbacteria resistant to available antibiotics. Our study aimed to assess the anti-quorum sensing\nactivity of Anogeissus leiocarpus, traditionally used in Burkina Faso, for the treatment of infected\nburn wounds. Methods: Investigations were carried out on methanol extract from A. leiocarpus\nstem bark. The reporter strains Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 derivatives\nwere used to evidence any interference with the bacterial quorum sensing and expression of related\ngenes. P. aeruginosa PAO1 was used to measure the impact on pyocyanin production. Results: At\na sub-inhibitory concentration (100 �¼g/mL), A. leiocarpus methanol extract quenched the quorum\nsensing mechanism of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by down-streaming the rhlR gene, with a subsequent\nreduction of pyocyanin production. Moreover, the antioxidant polyphenols evidenced are able to\nreduce the oxidative stress induced by pyocyanin. Conclusion: The antioxidant and anti-quorum\nsensing activities of A. leiocarpus stem bark could justify its traditional use in the treatment of infected\nburn wounds....
Antibiotics are group of compounds preferred to treat any kind of acute or chronic infectious diseases. But 20-50% of antibiotics are used unnecessarily burdening the human body with new problems like disturbance of gastrointestinal flora, multiple drug resistance and other side effects. The present work is an effort to minimise these problems. One of the approaches is used in the present work by combining the antibiotics with plant extract to reduce the dose or dosing frequency of antibiotic. The present work employs Piper cubeba as herbal drug which was evaluated for pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters. It was subjected to maceration with n-hexane. The n-hexane extract was evaluated by preliminary screening and the chromatographic analysis. The extract was combined with cefixime and its effect on antimicrobial activity of cefixime was noted. It was conducted using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 20 µg/ml of cefixime alone and cefixime in combination with the concentrations of 500 µg/ml and 750 µg/ml of extracts was tested for zone of inhibition against above said microorganisms. It was observed that the antimicrobial activity was potentiated when combined with 750 µg/ml of extract mainly against E. coli. No much promising results were observed against S. aureus at any concentration. The potentiating activity may be due to the lignans and volatile oil components present in the extract. The therapeutic potentiation can occur either by pharmacodynamic interaction (synergism) and /or by pharmacokinetic (Cmax, AUC) interaction which needs to be investigated in future plans....
Abstract: Sixteen compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Sarcosperma\naffinis Gagnep. including (E)-phytol (1), heptadecan-1-ol (2), lupeol (3), oleanolic\nacid (4), 3�²-hexadecanoyloleanolic acid (5), pomolic acid (6), euscaphic acid (7),\nmyrianthic acid (8), (+)-pinoresinol (9), (+)-medioresinol (10), (+)-syringaresinol\n(11), quercetin-3-O-�²-D-galactopyranoside (12), epicatechin (13), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)\nphthalate (14), 3-prenyl-4-O-�²-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxylbenzoic acid (15),\nicariside E5 (16). Their structures were elucidated by the combination of spectroscopy\nincluding 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and in comparison with the reported NMR data\nin the literature. Among those, compounds 4 and 6 showed potent antibacterial\nactivity against Mycobacterium smegmatis with MIC values of 5.48 and 2.65 �¼M, respectively.\nThe chemical composition and biological activity of constituents isolated\nfrom aerial parts of S. affinis was studied for the first time....
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